Edward F. Caldwell & Co., of New York City, was one of the premier designers and manufacturers of electric light fixtures and decorative metalwork from the late 19th to the mid-20th centuries. Founded in 1895 by Edward F. Caldwell (1851-1914) and Victor F. von Lossberg (1853-1942), the firm left a legacy of custom designed and finely-made, metal gates, lanterns, chandeliers, ceiling and wall fixtures, floor and table lamps, and other decorative objects that can be found today in many metropolitan area churches, public buildings, offices, clubs, and residences including, the White House (1902 renovation), St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, New York Public Library, and Rockefeller Center.
Video Edward F. Caldwell & Co.
Edward F. Caldwell (1851-1914)
Edward F. Caldwell, a portrait painter originally from Waterville, New York, became part of an active community of designers in New York City during the early 1880s. By the end of that decade and into the 1890s, Caldwell worked for and later became chief designer and vice president of the Archer & Pancoast Manufacturing Company of New York, top designers of gaslighting fixtures. At this time, due to Thomas Edison's advances in developing the electric light bulb, Archer & Pancoast began manufacturing fixtures using this new technology.
Leading a major lighting firm, Caldwell faced the challenge of mastering an understanding of electric light and adapting electric fixtures to traditional ornamental esthetics that were acceptable to the late 19th century American public. While at Archer & Pancoast, Caldwell oversaw three major commissions for McKim, Mead, and White, the New York State Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago), The [Metropolitan Club] of New York City and the Boston Public Library.
Through these projects, Caldwell became a friend of Stanford White (1853-1906). Stanford White was a young architect who saw the importance that electric illumination would have in designing interiors and buildings. He understood that the new technological advances of slender tubing, small electric bulbs, concealed wiring, modern switch units, and low voltage current linked to small sockets would allow fixtures to take new and diverse forms, sharing decorative as well as utilitarian function. White encouraged Caldwell to become a designer solely of electric light fixtures. He died in 1914.
In 1895, Caldwell established the firm Edward F. Caldwell & Co., Inc. of New York with Victor von Lossberg, at 31 East 17th Street. Von Lossberg, a designer and draftsman that Caldwell had worked with at Archer & Pancoast, was a native of Latvia who was raised in Russia and studied design in Germany. Caldwell and von Lossberg brought skilled artisans from Europe to New York to work for the firm. They frequently traveled to Europe studying and importing historic objects for use as inspiration in the production of their electric light fixtures.
In 1901, they established their own foundry at 36-40 West 15th Street, along with their showrooms and offices. They quickly became known for producing lighting fixtures and metalwork objects in bronze, iron, silver, brass, and copper. Attracting commissions from some of the most prominent architects of the period including McKim, Mead & White, Carrere & Hastings, Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson, and Cass Gilbert.
Edward Caldwell Gilt Bronze Slender Lamp with Sphinx
The firm continued under Victor von Lossberg after Edward Caldwell died in October 1914. Edward T. Caldwell, grandson of the founder, took over the firm when von Lossberg retired in 1938. Caldwell & Co. then produced more standardized fixtures and fluorescent lamps until it closed due to financial problems in 1959.
Caldwell & Co. produced a wide variety of objects based on historic styles since many of their wealthy and established clientele preferred traditional designs. They showed clients photographs and actual historic examples of French, Italian and English forms that could be adapted as electric light fixtures and that would fit esthetically into traditional or period interiors.
The firm also worked closely with the architects, interior decorators and other subcontractors to coordinate the aesthetic unity of a project, using their extensive photo archive to inspire new designs. A watercolor or colored pencil presentation drawing was then created by Caldwell & Co. to be reviewed by designer and client before the piece was put into production. After a piece was produced, it was often photographed and added to the company's extensive photo archive. The success of the Caldwell firm was due to their ability to have such an extensive variety of historic patterns at hand that could be effectively incorporated into electric fixtures and that would enhance rather than detract from the beauty of an interior.
Under Von Lossberg, the company created more original designs rather than strictly duplicating antiques that had been a standard for the firm previously. Lighting and desk accessories now contained intricate gilding and vitreous enamel work. In the 1920s, the firm also explored more contemporary designs such as Art Deco styles for lights at Radio City Music Hall and the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.
With a staff that numbered more than 1,000 in the early decades of the 20th century, they also had the ability to take on large commissions. As a result, they landed many of the biggest jobs of the day, including new churches, train stations, state capitols, residences and other public buildings throughout the country.
Much of their work cans still be seen today throughout the country and even abroad.
Maps Edward F. Caldwell & Co.
Selected Caldwell commissions
- Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site|Frederick W. Vanderbilt house, Hyde Park, NY (1895-1899)
- University Club of New York New York, NY (1899)
- Philip Lehman residence, New York, NY (1900)
- Andrew Carnegie residence, New York, NY (1900-1902)
- Flatiron Building, New York, NY (1900-1902)
- White House, Washington DC, renovations (1902)
- St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, NY (1903)
- John Pierpont Morgan residence, New York, NY (1904)
- Harvard Club of New York, New York, NY (1905)
- Harmonie Club, New York, NY (1905)
- Home Club, New York, NY (1906)
- The Belnord Apartments, New York, NY (1908)
- New York Public Library, New York, NY (1908)
- Henry Clay Frick residence, New York, NY (1909)
- New Theatre a.k.a. Park Theatre (Manhattan), New York, NY (1909)
- John Jacob Astor III residence (1910)
- Saint Thomas Church (New York City) and Parish House, New York (1910-1913)
- Green-Wood Mortuary Chapel, Brooklyn, NY (1911)
- Reynolda House in Winston-Salem, NC (1912-1917)
- Barclay-Vesey Building, New York, NY (1923)
- Caramoor Center for Music and the Arts Inc., Katonah, New York, for Walter F. Rosen.
- Bank of Manhattan, New York, NY (1929-1930)
- Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York, NY (1931)
- Radio City Music Hall, New York, NY (1932)
- Rockefeller Center, New York, NY (1932)
- St. Paul's Chapel (Columbia University) New York, NY (1904-1907)
Notes
St. Sophia Greek Orthodox Cathedral, Miami Florida (1950) (ref: The Miami Daily News, July 22, 1950, article on the Cathedral's architect Christopher Kantianis)
External links
- Shedding Light on New York: Edward F. Caldwell & Co.
- Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum website
- Flickr Group devoted to Caldwell lighting
- 2006 CARAMOOR SPECIAL EXHIBITION OPENING
- Edward F. Caldwell and Company's Legacy of Lighting
- Edward F. Caldwell & Company Light Standard image at the White House
- Edward F. Caldwell Lighting Company Records, 1900-1959 at the New York Public Library
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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